The Trinity, one God,
of whom are all things,
through whom are all things,
in whom are all things.
--St. Augustine
Paul distinguishes divine attributes—grace, love, and fellowship, each proceeding from a different person of the Godhead.
Grace—charis—also means loving-kindness, good-will, favor.
Love—agapÄ“—is the type of love that is sacrificial, desiring the best for the beloved.
And fellowship—koinonia—is quite literally participation, communion.
This grace, love, fellowship triad which we call the Trinity has given theologians no little challenge over the centuries. How do we envision one God but three persons? And why do we do so? Like our naming of God, we are left with only metaphor and analogy.
The Cappadocian Fathers described the Trinity as perichoresis, a dance of relationship and mutual indwelling.
St. John of Damascus used the analogy of God as the sun, Jesus as the rays, and the Holy Spirit as the heat.
Whether adjectives, descriptors, dances, or sunshine, all are encompassed within the oneness of God.
The Trinity isn’t just a theological expression. It is a way of understanding God’s presence in and for the world.
As Elizabeth Johnson noted, “If God is creating and nurturing the world within the divine being—transcendently, incarnately, and immanently—then God must be conceived as experiencing the world’s suffering within Godself, rather than outside Godself. Pregnant with an evolving yet suffering cosmos, God can heal and transform suffering through the love and creativity that characterize the Trinity.”